Analysis of probability and statistics questions in college entrance examination based on situationperspective——Take the 2023 college entrance examination mathematics as an example
基于情境视角的高考概率统计试题分析——以2023年高考数学为例

摘要

情境作为体现数学核心素养的四大方面之一，也是学业质量水平和核心素养的考察载体。同时，概率与统计是高中数学课程内容的主线之一。本文以2023年全国数学甲卷（理）、全国数学乙卷（理）、新高考I卷、新高考II卷等七套试卷中“概率与统计”试题为研究对象，从情境的类型和考察水平对其分析。研究发现：现实情境占比较大且层次丰富、数学情境占比较小且考察水平单一、综合水平情境常以解答题呈现且比重较大。最后对一线教师提出一些教学建议：教师应更新学科观念，促进各学科之间的交叉融合；教会学生“数学式阅读”，提高快速提取有效信息的能力；注重对概率统计知识本质的揭示，引导学生体会其蕴含的思想和方法。

Abstract

Situation, as one of the four aspects that reflect the core literacy of mathematics, is also the carrier of the study quality level and core literacy. At the same time, probability and statistics is one of the main lines of high school mathematics curriculum content. This paper takes the "probability and statistics" questions in seven sets of 2023 National Mathematics paper A (Science), National Mathematics paper B (Science), new college entrance examination paper I, new college entrance Examination paper II as the research object, and analyzes them from the type of situation and the level of investigation. It is found that the realistic situation is relatively large and the level is rich, the mathematical situation is relatively small and the examination level is single, and the comprehensive level situation is often presented with the solution problem and the proportion is large. Finally, some teaching suggestions are put forward for teachers: teachers should renew the discipline concept and promote the cross-integration of various disciplines; Teach students "mathematical reading", improve the ability to extract effective information quickly; Focus on revealing the essence of probability and statistics knowledge, and guide students to understand the ideas and methods contained in it.